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SS Washingtonian (1913)
SS ''Washingtonian'' was a cargo ship launched in 1913 by the Maryland Steel Company as one of eight sister ships for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. At the time of her launch, she was the largest cargo ship under American registry. During the United States occupation of Veracruz in April 1914, ''Washingtonian'' was chartered by the United States Department of the Navy for service as a non-commissioned refrigerated supply ship for the U.S. fleet stationed off the Mexican coast.
In January 1915, after a little more than one year of service, ''Washingtonian'' collided with the schooner ''Elizabeth Palmer'' off the Delaware coast and sank in ten minutes with the loss of her $1,000,000 cargo of of raw Hawaiian sugar. In the days after ''Washingtonian''s sinking, the price of sugar in the United States increased almost 9%, partly attributed to the loss of ''Washingtonian''s cargo. Lying under approximately of water, ''Washingtonian''s wreck is one of the most popular recreational dive sites on the eastern seaboard.
== Design and construction ==
In November 1911, the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company placed an order with the Maryland Steel Company of Sparrows Point, Maryland, for two new cargo ships— and ''Washingtonian''.〔Maryland Steel had built three ships—, ''Georgian'', and ''Honolulan''—for American-Hawaiian in 1909 in what proved to be a satisfactory arrangement for both companies, and in September 1911, American-Hawaiian placed an order for ''Washingtonian''s four older sister ships—, , , and .〕 The contract cost of the ships was set at the construction cost plus an 8% profit for Maryland Steel, but capped at a maximum cost of $640,000 each. The construction was financed by Maryland Steel with a credit plan that called for a 5% down payment in cash and nine monthly installments for the balance. The deal had provisions that allowed some of the nine installments to be converted into longer-term notes or mortgages. The final cost of ''Washingtonian'', including financing costs, was $71.49 per deadweight ton, which totaled just under $733,000.〔
''Washingtonian'' (Maryland Steel yard no. 131)〔 was the second ship built under the contract. The ship was ,〔 and was in length (between perpendiculars) and abeam.〔 She had a deadweight tonnage of ,〔 and, at the time of her launch, was the largest American-flagged cargo ship. ''Washingtonian'' had a speed of ,〔〔 and was powered by a single steam engine with oil-fired boilers which drove a single screw propeller. ''Washingtonian''s cargo holds, providing a storage capacity of ,〔 were outfitted with a complete refrigeration plant so she could carry perishable products from the West to the East Coast, such as Pacific Northwest salmon or fresh produce from Southern California farms.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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